Stability and compatibility study guidelines for AJHP.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Y-site injection physical compatibility of remdesivir with select intravenous drugs used in palliative care and for treating coronavirus disease 2019.

BACKGROUND: No compatibility tests are available for remdesivir other than 0.9% sodium chloride. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the physical compatibility of remdesivir with drugs used in palliative care and COVID-19 treatment. METHODS: Remdesivir was tested for compatibility with 10 different drugs (fentanyl, morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, heparin, furosemide, octreotide, acetated Ringer's injection, 2-in-1 peripheral parenteral nutrition, and 2-in-1 total parenteral nutrition). Remdesivir was formulated to a final concentration of 1 mg/mL, and the other drugs were prepared at clinical concentrations. Three test solutions were used for compatibility testing, with remdesivir and the target drugs compounded in a 1:1 ratio. Appearance measurements, including Tyndall effect, turbidity, and pH, were performed immediately after mixing and at 1 h and 4 h after mixing. Changes in appearance, including the Tyndall effect, turbidity (turbidity change of ≥ 0.5 nephelometric turbidity unit [NTU] based on control solution for each test drug), and pH (a change of ≥ 10% based on the pH immediately after mixing) were used to determine physical compatibility. RESULTS: All the drugs tested were compatible with remdesivir. The combination of remdesivir and furosemide produced the highest turbidity (0.23 ± 0.03 NTU) 1 h after mixing. The lowest and highest pH values were observed at 4 h after mixing for the combinations of remdesivir and morphine (3.23 ± 0.02) and remdesivir and furosemide (8.81 ± 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The drugs tested in this study show Y-site physical compatibility with remdesivir.

The Clash between CLIL and TELL: Effects and Potential Solutions of Adapting TELL for Online CLIL Teaching

The relationship between technology and society is an ever-changing dynamic, but one in which education is a key domain. In educational practice, the use of computer technology has increasingly become an inseparable part of teaching students in numerous ways across the world. The COVID-19 global pandemic accelerated this dramatically, with online teaching environments becoming the sole way for students to access education for extended periods of time. This shift to online teaching also required that teachers learn new skills and deal with new challenges. Based on mixed-methods research conducted with 20 teachers from an established content and language integrated learning school in mainland China, this research paper investigates the different challenges and problems that were faced by content and language integrated learning teachers in their experiences of online teaching and, in tandem with wider content and language integrated learning and technology-enhanced language learning literature, develops some potential solutions for future use. © 2023 by the authors.

Immunoserologic and hemotherapy considerations in patients undergoing hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation

With increasing evidence of the success of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation in the cure of many benign and malignant diseases, such interventions have been performed at increasing rates for the past several years. Due to myelosuppression caused by the conditioning and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimens, blood component transfusions are almost inevitably needed. During transplantation, patient's hematopoietic lineages reconstitute to the HPC donor's progenitor cell types. Therefore, specific immunoserologic and hemotherapeutic aspects need to be considered for the selection of blood components during different phases of transplantation for successful outcomes. Those considerations include but are not limited to ABO and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility of the transfused blood components with either or both the patient and the HPC donor according to the particular phase of transplantation, and the special blood component processing to reduce the risk of transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD), cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission in CMV seronegative patients and immune mediated platelets refractoriness. Complications may still arise, particularly in major, minor, or bidirectional ABO mismatched transplantations and/or due to the HLA mismatch and alloimmunization. Here we discuss the indications, immunoserologic considerations and the special component processing of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, granulocytes, and plasma transfusions, based upon the current evidence and describe the prevention and management of salient, pertinent complications.Copyright © 2022 The authors.

Evaluating the Impact of the Pandemic Crisis on the Aviation Industry.

This paper investigates the intellectual structure of the literature addressing "epidemic/pandemic" and "aviation industry" through a bibliometric approach to the literature from 1991 to 2021. The final count of 856 publications was collected from Web of Science and analyzed by CiteSpace (version 5.8.R1) and VOS Viewer. Visualization tools are used to perform the co-citation, co-occurrence, and thematic-based cluster analysis. The results highlight the most prominent nodes (articles, authors, journals, countries, and institutions) within the literature on "epidemic/pandemic" and "aviation industry." Furthermore, this study conceptualizes and compares the growth of literature before theCOVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 ("hotspot") era. The conclusion is that the aviation industry is an engine for global economics on the road to recovery from COVID-19, in which soft (human) resources can play an integral part.

Antimicrobial efficacy, mode of action and in vivo use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for prevention or therapeutic support of infections.

The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the rapidly developing field of the current state of research on in vivo use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to aid infection prevention and control, including naso-pharyngeal, alveolar, topical, and systemic HOCl applications. Also, examples are provided of dedicated applications in COVID-19. A brief background of HOCl's biological and chemical specifics and its physiological role in the innate immune system is provided to understand the effect of in vivo applications in the context of the body's own physiological defense mechanisms.

New ITU-T Study Group 5 Structure and Deliberations

The NTT Group is participating in the international standardization activities in the International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Study Group (SG) 5 to protect telecommunication facilities from electromagnetic interference and lightning surges, assess the impact of information and communication technologies on climate change, address the issue of a circular economy that enables sustainable development, and contribute to improving the reliability of telecommunication services and reducing the environmental impact of its business activities. In this article, we introduce the study structure of ITU-T SG5 for the new study period (2022–2024), which has finally started due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the latest discussion trends at the first meeting held in June 2022. © 2022 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp.. All rights reserved.

Mosaic Patterned Surfaces toward Generating Hardly‐Volatile Capsular Droplet Arrays for High‐Precision Droplet‐Based Storage and Detection

Mosaic Patterned SurfacesIn article number 2206274, Yanjun Hu, Lin Li, and co‐workers report a mosaic patterned surface‐based chip that acquires mutually independent and hardly‐volatile capsular droplet arrays. The concept shows high compatibility and practicability, paving the way for the new microfluidic chips used in COVID‐19 diagnosis and other high‐precision detection.

Next generation EU and the future of economic governance: towards a paradigm change or just a big one-off?

Next Generation EU (NGEU), the new temporary program (2021-2026) decided by the European Union (EU) to deal with the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, represents a substantial break with respect to previous EU responses to economic crises. After identifying the discontinuity introduced by the NGEU compared to the governance response to the sovereign debt crisis of the early 2010s, the paper investigates the conditions under which a new paradigm of economic governance would emerge and not remain simply a major one-off, when the EU should deal with an exogenous shock. Those conditions are conceptualised in terms of three trilemmas. The possibility of the NGEU becoming the harbinger of a new paradigm of economic governance will depend on the solutions of those trilemmas – favouring the EU supranational institutions, promoting a new policy mix in fiscal policy, and implementing national reforms coherent with the EU's aims notwithstanding national electoral cycles. The solutions are then evaluated according to the 'Monnet Compatibility Test' (MCT) which implies coherence between the institutional, economic and political features of the new economic governance arrangements. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of European Public Policy is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Surface control approach for growth of cerium oxide on flower-like molybdenum disulfide nanosheets enables superior removal of uremic toxins

Due to the high incidence of kidney disease, there is an urgent need to develop wearable artificial kidneys. This need is further exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. However, the dialysate regeneration system of the wearable artificial kidney has a low adsorption capacity for urea, which severely limits its application. Therefore, nanomaterials that can effectively remove uremic toxins, especially urea, to regenerate dialysate are required and should be further investigated and developed. Herein, flower-like molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanosheets decorated with highly dispersed cerium oxide (CeO2) were prepared (MoS2/CeO2), and their adsorption performances for urea, creatinine, and uric acid were studied in detail. Due to the open interlayer structures and the combination of MoS2 and CeO2, which can provide abundant adsorption active sites, the MoS2/CeO2 nanomaterials present excellent uremic toxin adsorption activities. Further, uremic toxin adsorption capacities were also assessed using a self-made fixed bed device under dynamic conditions, with the aim of developing MoS2/CeO2 for the practical adsorption of uremic toxins. In addition, the biocompatibility of MoS2/CeO2 was systematically analyzed using hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity assays. Our data suggest that MoS2/CeO2 can be safely used for applications requiring close contact with blood. Our findings confirm that novel 2-dimensional nanomaterial adsorbents have significant potential for dialysis fluid regeneration. © 2022

Post-Pandemic Follow-Up Audit of Security Checkpoints

This paper provides a follow-up audit of security checkpoints (or simply checkpoints) for mass transportation hubs such as airports and seaports aiming at the post-pandemic R&D adjustments. The goal of our study is to determine biometric-enabled resources of checkpoints for a counter-epidemic response. To achieve the follow-up audit goals, we embedded the checkpoint into the Emergency Management Cycle (EMC) –the core of any doctrine that challenges disaster. This embedding helps to identify the technology-societal gaps between contemporary and post-pandemic checkpoints. Our study advocates a conceptual exploration of the problem using EMC profiling and formulates new tasks for checkpoints based on the COVID-19 pandemic lessons learned. In order to increase practical value, we chose a case study of face biometrics for an experimental post-pandemic follow-up audit. Author

Steps toward nebulization in-use studies to understand the stability of new biological entities.

The need for novel biological drugs against respiratory diseases has been highlighted during the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The use of inhalation presents challenges to drug product stability, which is especially true for delivery using nebulizers (jet versus mesh technologies). The late-stage process of drug development in the pharmaceutical industry requires the investigation of in-use stability. In-use studies generate data that are guided by the requirements of regulatory authorities for inclusion in the clinical trial application dossier. In this review, I introduce the initial aspects of in-use stability studies during the development of an aerosol formulation to deliver biologics with a nebulizer. Lessons learned from this experience can guide future development and planning for formulation, analytics, material compatibility, nebulization process, and clinical trial preparations. Teaser: In-use stability studies include the testing of new biologics to be delivered to the lung via nebulization and its compatibility during compounding and administration.

Capture of state aid provided to businesses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in European antitrust law

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the need for massive state aid to strengthen businesses in the member states of the European Union. The European Commission promptly adopted a soft law act in which it offered member states various instruments for providing state aid to businesses and specified the conditions and indicators upon fulfillment of which it will consider the provided state aid compatible with the internal market. © 2022, Institute of State and Law of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

To curb research misreporting, replace significance and confidence by compatibility: A Preventive Medicine Golden Jubilee article.

It is well known that the statistical analyses in health-science and medical journals are frequently misleading or even wrong. Despite many decades of reform efforts by hundreds of scientists and statisticians, attempts to fix the problem by avoiding obvious error and encouraging good practice have not altered this basic situation. Statistical teaching and reporting remain mired in damaging yet editorially enforced jargon of "significance", "confidence", and imbalanced focus on null (no-effect or "nil") hypotheses, leading to flawed attempts to simplify descriptions of results in ordinary terms. A positive development amidst all this has been the introduction of interval estimates alongside or in place of significance tests and P-values, but intervals have been beset by similar misinterpretations. Attempts to remedy this situation by calling for replacement of traditional statistics with competitors (such as pure-likelihood or Bayesian methods) have had little impact. Thus, rather than ban or replace P-values or confidence intervals, we propose to replace traditional jargon with more accurate and modest ordinary-language labels that describe these statistics as measures of compatibility between data and hypotheses or models, which have long been in use in the statistical modeling literature. Such descriptions emphasize the full range of possibilities compatible with observations. Additionally, a simple transform of the P-value called the surprisal or S-value provides a sense of how much or how little information the data supply against those possibilities. We illustrate these reforms using some examples from a highly charged topic: trials of ivermectin treatment for Covid-19.

Mosaic Patterned Surfaces toward Generating Hardly-Volatile Capsular Droplet Arrays for High-Precision Droplet-Based Storage and Detection.

Precise detection involving droplets based on functional surfaces is promising for the parallelization and miniaturization of platforms and is significant in epidemic investigation, analyte recognition, environmental simulation, combinatorial chemistry, etc. However, a challenging and considerable task is obtaining mutually independent droplet arrays without cross-contamination and simultaneously avoiding droplet evaporation-caused quick reagent loss, inaccuracy, and failure. Herein, a strategy to generate mutually independent and hardly-volatile capsular droplet arrays using innovative mosaic patterned surfaces is developed. The evaporation suppression of the capsular droplet arrays is 1712 times higher than the naked droplet. The high evaporation suppression of the capsular droplet arrays on the surfaces is attributed to synergistic blocking of the upper oil and bottom mosaic gasproof layer. The scale-up of the capsular droplet arrays, the flexibility in shape, size, component (including aqueous, colloidal, acid, and alkali solutions), liquid volume, and the high-precision hazardous substance testing proves the concept's high compatibility and practicability. The mutually independent capsular droplet arrays with amazingly high evaporation suppression are essential for the new generation of high-performance open-surface microfluidic chips used in COVID-19 diagnosis and investigation, primary screening, in vitro enzyme reactions, environmental monitoring, nanomaterial synthesis, etc.

Analysis of pharmacological interventions among hospitalised patients with COVID­19: A focus on severe cases.

Existing recommendations regarding pharmaceutical interventions for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) focus on outpatient, inpatient and post-discharge care. However, there are no studies examining the actual activities of pharmacists in relation to hospitalised patients. The present study aimed to identify pharmacists' roles by analysing cases of pharmaceutical interventions, particularly for patients admitted to high-care units. Pharmacological interventions were provided to patients with severe COVID-19 or patients at high risk of severe disease in 2021. These pharmaceutical interventions were analysed and evaluated. Pharmacists also developed a COVID-19 drug compatibility chart for use by care team members. In the present study, 54 patients were included, of which 33 were severe cases. A total of 28 patients (52%) received pharmacological interventions and 25 of them were severe cases. Out of 68 pharmacological interventions, interventions for antimicrobial agents were the most common (28 interventions), followed by nutrition and anti-COVID-19 drug-related interventions. In addition, the need for interventions relating to drug compatibility was reduced by ~43% after the drug compatibility chart was implemented. In conclusion, pharmacists have a responsibility to improve the quality of pharmacotherapy for patients with COVID-19. They should focus on creating specific pharmacotherapy tools for patients with COVID-19 and supporting appropriate antimicrobial use for secondary bacterial infections.

UGTs-mediated metabolic interactions contribute to enhanced anti-inflammation activity of Jinhongtang.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Jinhongtang, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula consisting of dry stems of Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae) and Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson (Lardizabalaceae) and whole plant of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. (Asteraceae), is widely used for the treatment of infection diseases including severe sepsis and COVID-19. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aimed to explore the compatibility mechanism in the prescription of Jinhongtang based on the pharmacokinetic interaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CLP-induced sepsis mice and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were used to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of Jinhongtang and herbs in this clinical prescription. Pharmacokinetics of active components in Jinhongtang (Rhein, Emodin and Aloe emodin) was studied in rats. In vitro analysis of metabolic pathways and interactions mediated by metabolic enzymes were conducted using human liver microsomes (HLMs) and recombinant UGT isoforms. RESULTS: Jinhongtang exhibited much more potent anti-inflammatory effect than its single herbs on CLP-induced sepsis mice and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Next, the bioavailability of active ingredients (Rhein, Emodin and Aloe emodin) in R. palmatum was significantly improved through reduced metabolic clearance when co-administered with S. cuneata and T. mongolicum as Jinhongtang during the in vivo pharmacokinetic study, which presented the rational herbal compatibility mechanism. In detailed, the components in S. cuneata and T. mongolicum including Sargentodoxoside A, Chanitracin Ia, Quercetin and Luteolin inhibited the UGT1A9-mediated glucuronidation of active ingredients in R. palmatum, with Ki values of 2.72 µM, 1.25 µM, 2.84 µM and 0.83 µM, respectively. CONCLUSION: T. mongolicum and S. cuneata, the adjuvant herbs of Jinhongtang, could reduce the metabolic clearance of key active components of R. palmatum, prolong their action time and further enhance their anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of UGTs. Our findings provided deep insight for the rational compatibility of TCMs and useful guidance for the development of TCM formula.

Next generation EU and the future of economic governance: towards a paradigm change or just a big one-off?

Next Generation EU (NGEU), the new temporary program (2021-2026) decided by the European Union (EU) to deal with the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, represents a substantial break with respect to previous EU responses to economic crises. After identifying the discontinuity introduced by the NGEU compared to the governance response to the sovereign debt crisis of the early 2010s, the paper investigates the conditions under which a new paradigm of economic governance would emerge and not remain simply a major one-off, when the EU should deal with an exogenous shock. Those conditions are conceptualised in terms of three trilemmas. The possibility of the NGEU becoming the harbinger of a new paradigm of economic governance will depend on the solutions of those trilemmas – favouring the EU supranational institutions, promoting a new policy mix in fiscal policy, and implementing national reforms coherent with the EU’s aims notwithstanding national electoral cycles. The solutions are then evaluated according to the ‘Monnet Compatibility Test’ (MCT) which implies coherence between the institutional, economic and political features of the new economic governance arrangements. [ FROM AUTHOR]

Study on the Relationship between Restoration Benefit and Visual Satisfaction of LONG-PLAN’s Indoor Vertical Greenery

This study investigates the psychological restorative benefits of indoor vertical greenery and its relationship with visual satisfaction. Taking the Solar Decathlon China 2018 champion project “LONG-PLAN” as the experimental field, we conducted a questionnaire survey to evaluate the effect of indoor vertical greenery on creating a restorative environment. Then we further studied the relationship between the restorative environmental factors and visual satisfaction of indoor vertical greenery. The results show that: (1) Indoor vertical greenery has a positive impact on the subjective restoration of respondents (the average value of PRS = 4.150). (2) The three factors of “being away,” “fascination and compatibility,” and the “extent” of environmental restoration have a significant positive correlation with the visual satisfaction of indoor vertical greenery (the correlation coefficient values are 0.403, 0.627, and 0.425, respectively, p < 0.01). (3) In the stepwise regression analysis of the three factors and the visual satisfaction of indoor vertical greenery, only “fascination and compatibility” show a significant positive correlation (the regression coefficient = 0.753, p < 0.01). (4) The visual satisfaction of indoor vertical greenery has a significantly positive impact on environmental recovery (the regression coefficient = 0.459, p < 0.01). The study shows that indoor vertical greenery improves visual satisfaction and contributes to a restorative environment. In addition, the study provides further evidence of the mutual facilitation between restorative benefits and visual satisfaction.

Case Study - Understanding the Correlation Between the Components of an Emergency Resuscitator

Given the high spread of Covid-19, many hospitals suffered from a shortage of ventilators to treat patients. Consequently, emergency resuscitators (ER) became popular as a cheaper and easier to manufacture option that would satisfy the need for ventilators in hospitals. These devices are characterized by an automated mechanism that tightens a Bag valve mask (BVM), commonly known as a manual resuscitator. The ERs main components are the controller, sensors, the Human Machine Interface (HMI), and the motor. For the effective design of these devices, the team must understand the relationship between components. In the iterative process of designing, changing one part can easily affect the operation of other components. This is the most critical points of the case study presented since it is not feasible to replace a component without considering the requirements of the other parts that make up the final product. Using a resuscitator developed by a Puerto Rican company as an example, if changes were to be made, to keep the current sensors, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) should be used as a controller. Changing the PLC affects the sensors and limits the options of the HMIs since many of them are designed to work with the same brand. On the other hand, when selecting the motor, the communication method and compatibility with the controller must be considered. For these reasons, this paper presents a case study to share the compatibility issues that are faced when developing this type of device. © 2022 IISE Annual Conference and Expo 2022. All rights reserved.